Social Relationships in Childhood - 1360 Words

Social Relationships in Childhood Clarice Booker Kaplan University/ PS 420 – Social Relationships in Childhood February 28th 2015 Unit 3 Assignment Participant #1 Age: 14 Gender: Female 1. What were your friendships like while growing? Did this change from elementary school to middle and then to high school? If so, how? I am in high school now (9th grade) and a lot has changed over the years. I had friends that I was forced to hang out with and some that just grew with me and now we are in same school or classes. 2. Tell about a time when your friends’ opinions were different than your parents’ and how you felt about it. There have been a lot of times where my friends made fun of me because of my parent’s†¦show more content†¦My behavior along with the clothing change was affected and my attitude got worse. My behavior then began to have a negative effect on me in school during high school. 6. Do you remember changing friends because their actions or opinions were very different than yours? How old were you when this took place? I had changed friends but I believe it was too late then, I wanted to take everything back from those school ages. At the time, all the way up until graduation I had the same friends. 7 years later I have not one friend from school anymore. It seems that everyone went their separate ways, and I felt at this time a lot of the things I did were stupid and un thought of. 7. What social interactions have you had that have challenged you to change how you see yourself in the world? As in to social interactions, I have had 3 kids since then. My mind and mentality is a lot more mature and understandable. The fact that I was changing with all these people that I affiliated myself with has shown me I have grown tremendously and I will guide my children now the right path, but not be too strict because I knew how I felt coming up as a child, how parents made me feel when it came to anything. I have been challenged with a lot of reality issues , even when it comes down to see the kids now that are my age when I began to act up, I want to just take them all and put them in my pocket just to show them theShow MoreRelatedPersonality Psychology : Social Relationships And Childhood Experiences1916 Words   |  8 Pagespeople exhibit differences in their personality. This can, in turn, be used to examine the relationship between personality and the actions and behaviours of individuals. The focus of this paper is the analysis of Steve’s case based on his behavio ur, social relationships and childhood experiences. Four theories are considered in the analysis of Steve’s personality and how it affects the way he forms relationships. Freud’s topographical model is used to describe why Steve’s behaviour is sex driven. Horney’sRead MoreThe Importance of Friendship and Healthy Relationships in a Childs Development976 Words   |  4 Pageshow friendships play important roles throughout our life span. Friendships are defined and formed in each stage of life from infancy. These include early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. Friendships grow from one stage to another. During this time friends become closer. Relationships start out as acquaintances and may stay like that for a period of time. An acquaintance is someone you know in passing. You may interact with this individualRead MoreChildhood Development And Childhood Stages1633 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood , is a period characterised by significant cognitive, emotional, social and biological development. This discussion will consider the significant aspects of childhood development and experiences that contribute to children’s longer-term well-being, however, its primary focus will be socio-emotional development. Longer-term well-being refers to physical, social and emotional health over a continuous period of time. However, it is important to consider that this a relatively broad definitionRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Serious Concern Of Society1570 Words   |  7 Pagessociety because of the negative effects on later social and psychological functioning. Particularly, the concern of ‘the cycle of violence hypothesis’ which is one of the most influential conceptual models for antisocial behaviour in the social and behavioural science (DeLisi, Kosloski, Vaughn, Caudill, Trulson, 2014; Lansford, Miller-Johnson, Berlin, Dodge, Bates, Pettit, 2007). Numerous studies ha ve documented the association between childhood physical abuse and later aggressive behavior andRead MoreEffects Of Early Childhood Trauma On Relationships1656 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Early Childhood Trauma on Relationships Over 25% of children in the United States will witness or experience a traumatic event before they turn four. Early childhood trauma is the experience of an event by a child that is emotionally painful or distressful. Consequently, exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with a wide range of psychosocial and developmental impairments. Nilsson, Holmqvist, Jonson (2011) conducted a study that found trauma related experiences (particularlyRead MoreChallenges Of Children Face When They Start School1703 Words   |  7 Pagesare the challenges that children face when they start school? Transition from early childhood to middle childhood involves many milestones in a child’s life, but none quite as significant for both parent and child as when it is time to start fulltime school. Even when a child has been attending pre-school nursery, private nursery, a childminder, or nanny, it is still a major event in any parent and child’s relationship, and as such can cause a lot of anxiety for either or both child and parent. ResearchRead MoreChildhood Is The Social Construction Of Children1606 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood is the social construction of children, where they develop and understand different relationships and cultures in their society. Children grow up during their childhood, when they realise their â€Å"sense of meaning in their lives† (Layard and Dunn 2009, p.9), by socializing and personal development. Childhood starts with a family, which is the beginning of life. Family is where children first learn about the world. In children†™s perspective, as long as family members love each other, it isRead MoreSocial Learning And Environmental Determinants Of Psychopathy1585 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Learning and Environmental Determinants of Psychopathy Psychopathy is a disorder caused by biological, environmental, and psychological factors that result in both interpersonal/affective deficits and social deviance/antisocial behaviors. It can be broken down into primary psychopathy and secondary psychopathy. Primary psychopathy mainly encompasses the interpersonal/affective components of psychopathy, such as superficial charm, lack of empathy, remorse or guilt, and manipulative tacticsRead MoreChildhood Studies : A New Field For The Advocacy Of Children1181 Words   |  5 PagesJoe Dawson Dawson 1 Professor Cook Childhood Studies April 13, 2011 The New Childhood Studies Childhood studies is a relatively new field for the advocacy of children that has developed to represent points of view that had been repressed. The authors, Allison James and Alan Prout, argue that the notion of childhood has become complicated over the past decade. The nature of childhood is socially constructed. Meaning, the childish nature of adolescents is developedRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words   |  7 PagesAHSS 1210 21 November 2014 The Child that Lives from Within Introduction The social sciences often question if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of a social environment. Recently, nurture-based theories has gained credibility in understanding how a child’s upbringings can trigger psychopathic behaviour. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to mental health rather than biological vulnerability. Contrary to nature-focused

Drugs, Crime And Public Health The Political Economy Of...

â€Å"The debate on drugs is dominated by one, endlessly recurring argument. Should drugs be legal or prohibited?† Throughout the world, the subject of drugs is highly controversial therefore; the policy on drugs does vary from country to country. This essay will take note of the similarities and differences between not only the drug policies but also the public debate on drugs in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Firstly, the historical context and issues will be put into consideration, followed by the situation in the present day. The main texts discussed within this essay are â€Å"Drugs, Crime and Public Health: The political economy of drug policy – Alex Stevens† as well as â€Å"Understanding drugs, alcohol and crime – Trevor Bennet and†¦show more content†¦In general, â€Å"the Netherlands can be thought of as being a relatively ‘lenient’ country in its approach to drug use.† The most important law that the Du tch government is involved with, relates to the International Opium Convention. The Opium act 1919 was implemented in order to regulate both the use as well as the trade of soft and hard drugs. The act involves giving penalties to those possessing drugs depending on the type. For example, Schedule I relates to hard drugs and leads to harsher penalties than Schedule II which concerns soft drugs. Historically, again due to the Dutch empire being so vast, the trade of drugs was popular with colonies in Asia which produced opium and brought a lot of income. This meant that the Opium act was opposed by the Dutch government as it would lead to a loss of income. Some would argue that there is an element of success to having policies like this as currently in the Netherlands there are â€Å"fewer arrests being made for soft drug possession (specifically cannabis)-19 for every 100 citizens† and this shows that although people have opposed the idea, it is having a positive impact. Coffee shops are a huge part of the drug culture in the Netherlands, as here it is acceptable to consume cannabis without disciplinary action from the local

Chapter 3 Quiz Free Essays

1 of 30 Which of the following is a flow variable? A. the value of the house in which you live B. the balance in your savings account C. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter 3 Quiz or any similar topic only for you Order Now your monthly consumption of hamburgers D. the number of hamburgers in your refrigerator at the beginning of the month 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. As explained in Section 2-1, a flow is a quantity measured per unit time and a stock is a quantity measured at a given point in time. 2 of 30 Which of the following is not a stock variable? A. government debt B. the labor force C. the amount of money held by the public D. inventory investment 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is D. Inventory investment is a quantity measured per unit time, so it is a flow variable. See Section 2-1. 3 of 30 Gross domestic product (GDP) is A. a stock. B. a flow. C. both a stock and a flow. D. neither a stock nor a flow. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is B. GDP is a quantity measured per unit time, so it is a flow. See Section 2-1. 4 of 30 GDP measures A. expenditure on all final goods and services. B. total income of everyone in the economy. C. total value added by all firms in the economy. D. all of the above. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is D. See Section 2-1 for a discussion of what GDP measures. of 30 Suppose that a farmer grows wheat and sells it to a baker for $1, the baker makes bread and sells it to a store for $2, and the store sells it to the customer for $3. This transaction increases GDP by     A. $1. B. $2. C. $3. D. $6. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. As explained in Section 2-1, GDP includes only the value of the final goods and servi ces. Therefore, this transaction increases GDP by $3. 6 of 30 Which of the following is not included in GDP? A. the salary paid to a federal judge B. the value of housing services enjoyed by homeowners C. the value of automobile services enjoyed by car owners D. he value added by a shipping company that transports goods from the factory to retail stores 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. In principle, GDP should include the imputed rent on automobiles, but in practice it does not. See Section 2-1. 7 of 30 In which case is total expenditure in an economy not equal to total income? A. If total saving is larger than total investment. B. If net exports are not zero. C. If inventory investment is negative. D. None of the above—they are always equal. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is D. As explained in Section 2-1, total expenditure in an economy always equals total income. of 30 All other things equal, GDP will rise if A. imports rise. B. exports fall. C. durable goods consumption rises. D. military spending falls. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is C. A rise in imports, a fall in exports, or a fall in military spending will decrease GDP. A rise in durable goods consumption will increase GDP. See Section 2-1. 9 of 30 Which of the following statements describes the difference between real and nominal GDP? A. Real GDP includes only goods; nominal GDP includes goods and services. B. Real GDP is measured using constant base-year prices; nominal GDP is measured using current prices. C. Real GDP is equal to nominal GDP less the depreciation of the capital stock. D. Real GDP is equal to nominal GDP multiplied by the CPI. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is B. For a discussion of the differences between real and nominal GDP, see Section 2-1. 10 of 30 If production remains the same and all prices double, then real GDP     A. and nominal GDP are both constant. B. is constant and nominal GDP is reduced by half. C. is constant and nominal GDP doubles. D. doubles and nominal GDP is constant. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. Real GDP is measured in constant prices, so it is unaffected by a price increase. Nominal GDP is measured in current prices. If prices double, so will nominal GDP. See Section 2-1. 11 of 30 Real GDP equals A. nominal GDP minus net exports. B. nominal GDP divided by the GDP deflator. C. nominal GDP multiplied by the GDP deflator. D. GDP minus depreciation. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is B. As explained in Section 2-1, real GDP equals nominal GDP divided by the GDP deflator. 12 of 30 If production remains the same and all prices double relative to the base year, then the GDP deflator is     A. 1/4. B. 1/2. C. 1. D. 2. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is D. As explained in Section 2-1, the GDP deflator equals nominal GDP divided by real GDP. If prices double, nominal GDP will double and real GDP will be unchanged. Therefore, the GDP deflator will equal 2. 13 of 30 Consider the following table: APPLES ORANGES Year Production/Price Production/Price 1995 20/ $0. 50 10/$1. 00 2000 10/ $1. 00 10/$0. 50 If 1995 is the base year, what is the GDP deflator for 2000? A. 0 B. between 0 and 1 C. 1 D. greater than 1 Question not answered 14 of 30 To obtain the net national product (NNP), start with the gross national product (GNP) and subtract     A. depreciation. B. epreciation and indirect business taxes. C. depreciation, indirect business taxes, and corporate profits. D. depreciation, indirect business taxes, corporate profits, and social insurance contributions. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is A. For an explanation of NNP, see Section 2-1. 15 of 30 To obtain national income, start with GNP and subtract A. depreciation. B. depreci ation and the statistical discrepancy. C. depreciation, indirect business taxes, and corporate profits. D. depreciation, indirect business taxes, corporate profits, and social insurance contributions. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is B. National income equals GNP minus depreciation and the statistical discrepancy. See Section 2-1. 16 of 30 Approximately what percentage of national income consists of compensation of employees? A. 10 percent B. 25 percent C. 70 percent D. 95 percent 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. The components of national income are discussed in section 2-1. 17 of 30 Which of the following is not considered investment? A. A family builds a house in which it plans to live. B. A car dealer stores some of this year’s models for next year. C. An individual purchases several pieces of antique furniture. D. A firm buys a computer for word processing. out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is C. As discussed in Section 2-1, the reallocation of existing assets among different individuals is not investment for economy. 18 of 30 Suppose that Jones builds a new house, then she sells it to Smith, and then Smith sells it to Williams. The total net investment from these transactions is     A. zero . B. 1 house. C. 2 houses. D. 3 houses. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is B. As explained in Section 2-1, building a new house counts as investment; selling an existing house does not. 19 of 30 The consumer price index (CPI) A. measures the price of a fixed basket of goods and services. B. measures the price of a basket of goods and services that constantly changes as the composition of consumer spending changes. C. measures the amount of money that it takes to produce a fixed level of utility. D. is one of the many statistics in the National Income Accounts. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is A. The CPI measures the price of a fixed basket of goods and services. See Section 2-2. 20 of 30 Suppose that the typical consumer buys one apple and one orange every month. In the base year 1986, the price for each was $1. In 1996, the price of apples rises to $2, and the price of oranges remains at $1. Assuming that the CPI for 1986 is equal to 1, the CPI for 1996 would be equal to     A. 1/2. B. 1. C. 3/2. D. 2. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. The CPI measures the change in the price of the typical consumer’s basket of goods. Since the price of the basket was $2 in 1986, and it is $3 in 1996, the CPI for 1996 is equal to 3/2. See Section 2-2. 21 of 30 Consider the following table: | Consumption Goods| Nonconsumption Goods| Year| Production Price| Production Price| 1995| 20/$0. 50| 10/$1. 00| 2000| 10/$1. 00| 10/$0. 50| If 1995 is the base year, the CPI in 2000 is A. 0. B. 1/2. C. 1. D. 2. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is D. The CPI is a measure of the price of a fixed basket of consumption goods. Since the price of consumption goods doubled between 1995 and 2000, the 2000 CPI will equal 2. See Section 2-2. 22 of 30 Which of the following statements about the CPI and the GDP deflator is true? A. The CPI measures the price level; the GDP deflator measures the production of an economy. B. The CPI refers to a base year; the GDP deflator always refers to the current year. C. The weights given to prices are not the same. D. The GDP deflator takes the price of imported goods into account; the CPI does not. out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is C. For a discussion of the CPI and the GDP deflator, see Section 2-2. 23 of 30 All other things equal, if the price of foreign-made cars rises, then the GDP deflator     A. and the CPI will rise by equal amounts. B. will rise and the CPI will remain the same. C. will remain the same and the CPI will rise. D. and the CPI will ri se by different amounts. 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. Goods and services produced abroad do not enter the GDP deflator, but are included in the CPI if the foreign goods are in the consumers’ basket. See Section 2-2. 24 of 30 General Motors increases the price of a model car produced exclusively for export to Europe. Which U. S. price index is affected? A. the CPI B. the GDP deflator C. both the CPI and the GDP deflator D. neither the CPI nor the GDP deflator 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is B. The GDP deflator is affected because the cars are produced domestically. The CPI does not change because the cars are not consumed domestically. See Section 2-2. 25 of 30 Which of the following events will cause the unemployment rate to increase? A. an increase in population, with no change in the size of the labor force   B. proportionally equal increase in the labor force and the number of unemployed workers   C. an increase in the labor force with no change in the number of employed workers   D. an increase in the number of employed workers with no change in the number of unemployed workers 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is C. The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed workers divided by the labor force. If the labor force increases and employment does not change, the unemployment rate will increase. See Section 2-3. 26 of 30 An example of a person who is counted as unemployed is a A. retired worker below the mandatory retirement age. B. part-time worker who would like to work full-time. C. senator who resigns her job to run for president. D. student going to school full-time. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is C. For a discussion of who is considered unemployed, see Section 2-3. 27 of 30 Suppose that a factory worker turns 62 years old and retires from her job. Which statistic is not affected? A. number of unemployed B. unemployment rate C. labor force D. labor-force participation rate 1 out of 1 Correct. The answer is A. The factory worker willingly leaves her job so she is not considered to be unemployed. See Section 2-3. 28 of 30 Suppose that the size of the labor force is 100 million and that the unemployment rate is 5 percent. Which of the following actions would reduce the unemployment rate the most? A. 1 million unemployed people get jobs B. 2 million unemployed people leave the labor force C. 3 million people join the labor force and they all get jobs   D. 10 million people join the labor force and half of them get jobs 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is B. The unemployment rate is equal to the number of unemployed workers divided by the size of the labor force. If you calculate it for each of the above situations, you will see that it is most reduced when 2 million unemployed people leave the labor force. See Section 2-3. 29 of 30 Suppose that a Canadian citizen crosses the border each day to work in the United States. Her income from this job would be counted in     A. U. S. GNP and Canadian GNP. B. U. S. GNP and Canadian GDP. C. U. S. GDP and Canadian GNP. D. U. S. GDP and Canadian GDP. 0 out of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is C. Her income is counted as U. S. GDP and Canadian GNP. See Section 2-1 for the definitions of gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP). 0 of 30 Suppose that an Italian working in the United States renounces his Italian citizenship and is granted U. S. citizenship. Which of the following will happen? A. Italian GDP will fall; U. S. GNP will rise. B. Italian GNP will fall; U. S. GNP will rise. C. Italian GDP will fall; U. S. GDP will rise. D. Italian GNP will fall; U. S. GDP will rise. 0 o ut of 1 Incorrect. The correct answer is B. The worker’s income was counted as Italian GNP and U. S. GDP. After the worker becomes a U. S. citizen, his income is counted as U. S. GNP and GDP. Therefore, Italian GNP falls and U. S. GNP rises. See Section 2-1. How to cite Chapter 3 Quiz, Essay examples

Case Study Organisational Behaviour Of Automobile Company - Nissan

Questions: 1. Analyse the case study given and answer the questions mentioned below 2. Why was organisational change necessary in Nissan? What did Ghosn and others do to implement change? Was the change effective? Answers: 1.0 Introduction: The concepts of organisational behaviour (OB) help to investigate the impact of the corporate culture, structure, individuals and groups which have a significant behavioural approach for the purpose of applying skills and knowledge towards improving the organisational effectiveness (Bizony, 2009). The purpose of the study is to scrutinise the present organisational behaviour of the car company, Nissan. Along with that, it speculates the initiatives taken by Ghosn and the effectiveness of the implemented changes within the organisation. 2.0 The requirement of organisational change in Nissan: The five key reasons of organisational change in Nissan: Loss of focus on profits It has been observed that Nissan management did not have any data or metrics to measure the performance of the company. For an instance, the 43models introduced by the firm did not get a fair market share in the global marketplace. As per the opinion of Heitger and Heitger (2008), these kinds of circumstances made the most difficult situation for the company to get the optimum profitable market position. Loss of focus on the customers The company has no focus on the demand of the customers. According to the opinion of Jindal et al. (2011), there was no clear understanding of the preferences of the customers on the models of the cars in the competitive marketplace. The firm paid only for lip service to the concept of the client focussed. No sense of urgency The decision making the process of the company was indigent. While operating in prosperous countries, the management did not leave its comfort zone and usually discourage the cultural consensus of this particular country (Piso et al. 2012). Thus, this is the big issues which did not direct the firm towards the profitability. No vision Considering the opinion of Macharis and De Witte (2012), the company did not have any particular view to enhancing the business growth in the global market of the automobile industry. The lack of clear strategic vision of the firm prevented the employees from sharing the innovativeness for the future development of the company. 3.0 The initiatives by Ghosn for implementing the change: Carlos Ghosn and the team have taken a lot of transformational attempts for applying the change process within the organisation. Ghosn had announced Revival Plan initially, to turn the company into a profitable position. According to the opinion of Minchin (2007), the Revival Plan speech of the firm includes the elimination of many jobs and reduction of production capacity by 30% due to the massive crisis of the enterprise. Adding to this, Ghosn had publicised for sharing the platform with Renaults to achieve the reliability again in the market. After that, Ghosn took steps for eliminating the number of suppliers so that the suppliers could spread the costs over the larger volumes. Ghosn had established the clear sense of targets to direct the company for achieving the goal (Bizony, 2009). Furthermore, the objectives like return on profitability, reducing debt and improvement in overall profitability is highly precious to deal with the current situation of Nissan. The employee motiva tional approach of Ghosn with the active leadership style and the support of Cross Functional Teams (CFTs) assisted in breaking the silos and instilling cross-company collaboration. The real work approach adopted by Carlos Ghosn had helped Nissan to be progressive for achieving desired goals in the current global marketplace. 4.0 Scrutinising the effectiveness of the change: It has been examined that the identified strategy taken by Carlos Ghosn has helped the company to fulfil the foremost objectives such as the making of high profitability, debt amount reduction and fixing up a strategic vision for the future development of the firm. Nissan has attained massive changes in the business operation under the leadership of Ghosn. According to the opinion of Piso et al. (2012), a loss of 684 billion was converted into a profit of 331 within one year. It has been speculated that Nissan was one of the most profitable automobile company with 11.1% operating margin within the next four years. Adding to this, as a positive impact of the Goshns strategy the car manufacturing company had launched a new plan, called Value-up, for raising its annual sales by 38% to 4.2 million vehicles by the end of next four financial years (www.nissan.in, 2016). Hence, it could be inferred that the Ghosns approach was highly effective for Nissan to achieve a sustainable market po sition after overcoming the crucial situation. 5.0 Conclusion: The primary assertion of the study helps to understand the organisational behaviour of the automobile company, Nissan. While conducting the research it has been observed that the brand has a high requirement for regulatory change due to the effect of loss of focus on profits, loss of focus on the customers, no sense of urgency and no vision. Furthermore, the research has evaluated strategic initiatives like Revival Plan adopted by Ghosn for implementing the change within the firm. Finally, the research associate has scrutinised the effectiveness of the modification process for the future development of the company. References: Bizony, P. (2009) Four wheels good? [car manufacturing], Engineering Technology, 4(16), pp. 1619. Heitger, L.E. and Heitger, D.L. (2008) Jamestown electric supply company: Assessing customer profitability, Issues in Accounting Education, 23(2), pp. 3642. Jindal, D., Jee, C. and Thakur, R.R. (2011) Nissan: Go global strategy, Business Strategy Series, 12(4), pp. 195201. Macharis, C. and De Witte, A. (2012) The typical company car user does not exist: The case of Flemish company car drivers, Transport Policy, 24(6), pp. 9198. Minchin, T.J. (2007) The assembly line and cars come First: Labor relations and the demise of Nissan car manufacturing in Australia, Labor History, 48(3), pp. 327346. Piso, P., Schlitt, H.J. and Nissan, A. (2012) Changing prognosis of metastastic disease by multimodal strategy-patients do benefit from close interactions between treating disciplines, Journal of Surgical Oncology, 107(6), pp. 565565.